The United States is currently experiencing a significant outbreak of avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu. The H5N1 strain has rapidly spread across the country, raising concerns about public health and food safety.
The Scope of the Outbreak
Since its detection in March 2024, the bird flu outbreak has impacted all 50 states, leading to the loss of over 133 million poultry and affecting 924 dairy herds as of January 2025. California has been hit hardest, reporting 34 confirmed human infections, the highest number among U.S. states. Tragically, the nation recorded its first human death from bird flu in Louisiana. This individual had direct exposure to infected birds, highlighting the potential risks of the virus.
USDA Orders Milk Supply Testing
In response to the spread of avian influenza to dairy cattle, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) issued a federal mandate in December 2024 requiring testing of the nation’s milk supply. This unprecedented step aims to ensure that dairy products remain safe for consumption and to prevent further transmission of the virus.
Should Consumers Be Concerned About Poultry and Eggs?
Despite the outbreak, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assures consumers that properly cooked poultry and eggs are safe to eat. The bird flu virus is sensitive to heat, and cooking poultry to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) or higher can effectively eliminate the virus. Eggs should also be fully cooked to reduce any potential risks. However, consumers are advised to avoid consuming raw or undercooked poultry and eggs.
Symptoms of Bird Flu in Humans
Human infections with H5N1 are rare but can occur through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include:
- Fever
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Muscle aches
- Conjunctivitis (eye infection)
- Difficulty breathing or pneumonia in severe cases
Some individuals may remain asymptomatic or experience only mild illness, but it is crucial to seek medical attention if symptoms arise after exposure to birds.
Recommendations for Prevention
To minimize the risk of infection, follow these preventive measures:
- Avoid Contact with Birds: Refrain from handling sick or dead birds and avoid live bird markets.
- Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling poultry or eggs.
- Cook Thoroughly: Ensure poultry is cooked to an internal temperature of at least 165°F (74°C) and eggs are fully cooked.
- Use Protective Equipment: Workers in poultry farms or involved in culling operations should use personal protective equipment (PPE).
- Stay Informed: Follow updates and adhere to health advisories issued by public health authorities.
Outlook and Public Health Measures
While the overall risk to the general population remains low, the outbreak underscores the importance of vigilance, particularly for those working with poultry or living in affected areas. Federal and state agencies are working diligently to monitor and control the spread of the virus.
-Nguyễn Duy Khiêm-
Further Reading
For more detailed information, visit the following resources:
- CDC Avian Influenza Current Situation Summary
- USDA Avian Influenza Detections
- Can you get bird flu from eating chicken and eggs?
- First US Bird Flu Death in Louisiana
By staying informed and adhering to safety guidelines, individuals can protect themselves and help prevent the further spread of bird flu.